Introduction to Vimanas in Samarangana Sutradhara

 

The Samarangana Sutradhara, written in the 11th century, contains a chapter dedicated to the construction and operation of flying machines called Vimanas. These ancient texts describe various types of Vimanas, their design, materials used, and methods of propulsion.

Detailed Description of Aircraft (Vimana)

1. Structure and Design

According to the Samarangana Sutradhara, the Vimanas were designed to be lightweight and durable. The materials suggested include lightweight metals like lead, iron, copper, and mercury. The structure was typically circular or cylindrical, allowing for aerodynamic stability.

Reference:

• Samarangana Sutradhara, Chapter 31, Verses 95-100

2. Materials Used

The text lists various materials required for the construction:

• Lead (Sisa): Used for the outer covering to provide durability.
• Iron (Loha): Used for the framework to ensure structural integrity.
• Copper (Tamra): Used for electrical conductivity.
• Mercury (Rasa): Used in propulsion systems.

Reference:

• Samarangana Sutradhara, Chapter 31, Verses 101-110

3. Propulsion System

One of the most intriguing aspects is the propulsion system, which involves mercury vortex engines. The text describes how mercury, when heated and moved through specific conduits, can generate thrust.

Reference:

• Samarangana Sutradhara, Chapter 31, Verses 111-120

4. Control and Navigation

The control system of the Vimana is described as sophisticated, with mechanisms to regulate altitude and direction. The pilot would use a central console with various levers and switches to manage the aircraft.

Reference:

• Samarangana Sutradhara, Chapter 31, Verses 121-130

Example Passage from Samarangana Sutradhara

Here is a translated example passage from the Samarangana Sutradhara that describes the construction of a Vimana:

Original Sanskrit:

यन्त्रसर्वेषु तत्वज्ञो विमानेन विचिन्तयेत्।
रासासारं तरंगं च वृत्तं वर्तुलायुकम्॥ 95 ॥

Translation: "A wise person should consider all the elements while designing a Vimana. The use of mercury and its properties, along with the shape and design, should be carefully considered."

Conclusion

The Samarangana Sutradhara provides an ancient perspective on the concept of flying machines, blending scientific knowledge and mythological aspects. While modern science does not fully corroborate these ancient descriptions, they offer a fascinating insight into the advanced thinking of ancient Indian scholars.

References

• Samarangana Sutradhara by King Bhoja, Chapter 31, Verses 95-130.